Understanding concussions with falls

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when a sudden impact or jolt to the head disrupts normal brain function. Falls are one of the leading causes of concussions, particularly among children, older adults and individuals involved in high-risk activities. Understanding the symptoms, risks and recovery process is crucial for proper management and prevention of long-term complications.

Falls can occur in various settings, including homes, workplaces and recreational activities.

Common risk factors include:

Slippery or uneven surfaces

Poor lighting

Lack of handrails or support structures

Medical conditions that affect balance, such as vertigo or neuropathy

Age-related factors, including reduced coordination and muscle strength in older adults

Participation in contact sports or activities with a high risk of falling

Symptoms of a concussion can vary depending on the severity of the injury. They may appear immediately or develop over time.

Common signs include:

Headache or pressure in the head

Dizziness or balance problems

Confusion or difficulty concentrating

Memory loss, particularly regarding the event that caused the concussion

Nausea or vomiting

Sensitivity to light or noise

Mood changes, including irritability or sadness

Loss of consciousness (though not always present)

While mild concussions can often be managed at home with rest, certain symptoms require immediate medical evaluation.

Seek emergency care if any of the following occur:

Persistent or worsening headache

Repeated vomiting

Slurred speech or difficulty speaking

Seizures or convulsions

Significant drowsiness or inability to wake up

Unusual behavior or drastic mood changes

A healthcare provider will typically diagnose a concussion through a physical exam, neurological assessment and possibly imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI if more serious brain injury is suspected.

Treatment primarily involves:

Physical and cognitive rest to allow the brain to heal

Pain management with acetaminophen (avoiding aspirin or ibuprofen, which may increase bleeding risk)

Gradual return to normal activities, as guided by a medical professional

Avoidance of activities that pose a risk of further head trauma

Recovery time varies depending on the individual and the severity of the concussion, typically ranging from a few days to several weeks.

To promote healing:

Get adequate sleep and rest

Stay hydrated and eat a nutritious diet

Limit screen time and exposure to bright lights if they worsen symptoms

Follow a stepwise return-to-activity protocol under medical supervision

Preventing concussions involves measures such as using handrails, wearing appropriate footwear, improving home safety and using protective gear during sports or high-risk activities. For older adults, regular vision checks and balance exercises can help reduce fall risk.